Bibliothèque de L'IMIST/CNRST

Phosgene, COCl<INF>2</INF> is a C<INF>1</INF> chemical of major industrial importance. The annual production, worldwide, is more than 1 million tons; 90% of which is used in the manufacture of isocyanates and of polyurethane and polycarbonate resins. Phosgene is also extensively used as a synthetic reagent in organic chemistry, in particular in the preparation of acyl chlorides, chloroformate esters, organic carbonates and carbamoyl chlorides. Although more than 7000 papers have appeared on phosgene and some 1000 papers on its analogues, this is the first book on these interesting chemicals. It presents a critical treatise of phosgene, ranging from its discovery and subsequent use as a war gas to some potential applications of the material into the 21st century. It includes chapters on biological effects and industrial hygiene; on synthesis, formation and manufacture; analysis, uses, environmental effects, and physical and thermodynamic properties. Reactions with organic and inorganic materials are described. Four of the seventeen chapters are devoted to a description of the carbonyl halides (especially carbonyl difluoride) related to phosgene, and a special section deals collectively with the electronic structures of carbonyl halide molecules. Featuring the first-ever comprehensive discussion of the medical effects of phosgene poisoning and the most modern methods of treating exposure victims, the book will be of interest to historians and militarists and those working in the chemical industries (heavy chemicals, agricultural and pharmaceutical), university libraries, hospitals, medical research centres, museums, environmental research centres, poison units and health and safety institutions world-wide.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 789-861) and index.

Description based on print version record.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- CHAPTER 1. HISTORY OF PHOSGENE -- 1.1 PHOTOGENESIS -- 1.2 QUIESCENCE -- 1.3 THE STORM APPROACHETH -- 1.4 REFINEMENTS OF EVIL -- 1.5 THE STATISTICS OF DEATH -- 1.6 THE ART OF WAR -- 1.7 PHOSGENE AND WORLD WAR II -- 1.8 PHOSGENE AND MODERN WARFARE -- 1.9 PHOSGENE AND THE MODERN WORLD -- 1.10 THE KRAKEN WAKES -- 1.11 ACCURACY AND THE PRESS -- 1.12 WHY THIS BOOK? -- CHAPTER 2. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PHOSGENE -- 2.1 SYMPTOMS OF PHOSGENE POISONING -- 2.2 LUNG STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION -- 2.3 EFFECTS OF PHOSGENE ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM -- 2.4 MEASUREMENT OF EXPOSURE DOSE -- 2.5 ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS -- 2.6 TREATMENT OF PHOSGENE POISONING -- 2.7 PHOSGENE AS A PESTICIDE -- 2.8 THE EFFECTS OF PHOSGENE ON PLANTS, SOILS AND FOODSTUFFS -- CHAPTER 3. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE, ANALYTICAL METHODS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES -- 3.1 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE -- 3.2 ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PHOSGENE -- 3.3 SOURCES OF PHOSGENE EMISSION -- 3.4 TREATMENT OF LIQUID PHOSGENE SPILLAGES -- 3.5 CASE REPORTS OF PHOSGENE POISONING -- 3.6 CATASTROPHIC EMISSIONS -- 3.7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS -- CHAPTER 4. INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURE AND USES -- 4.1 INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURE -- 4.2 PURIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL PHOSGENE -- 4.3 STORAGE -- 4.4 TREATMENT OF PHOSGENE EFFLUENTS -- 4.5 ENGINEERING PRACTICES -- 4.6 ASSAYING -- 4.7 INDUSTRIAL USES -- CHAPTER 5. SYNTHESIS AND FORMATION OF PHOSGENE -- 5.1 SYNTHESIS OF PHOSGENE FROM CARBON MONOXIDE -- 5.2 SYNTHESIS OF PHOSGENE FROM HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS -- 5.3 SYNTHESIS OF PHOSGENE FROM CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS -- 5.4 SYNTHESIS OF PHOSGENE FROM CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBONYL SULFIDE OR CARBON DISULFIDE -- 5.5 SYNTHESIS OF PHOSGENE FROM OTHER CARBONYL HALIDES -- 5.6 SYNTHESIS OF PHOSGENE FROM OXYGENATES (OXYGEN-CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS) -- 5.7 SYNTHESIS OF PHOSGENE BY MISCELLANEOUS METHODS -- 5.8 SYNTHESIS OF LABELLED PHOSGENE -- CHAPTER 6. THERMODYNAMIC AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES -- 6.1 THERMOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES -- 6.2 THERMAL PROPERTIES -- 6.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- 6.4 OPTICAL PROPERTIES -- 6.5 ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES -- 6.6 SOLUBILITY AND VAPOUR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA -- CHAPTER 7. STRUCTURAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES -- 7.1 STRUCTURAL DETERMINATIONS -- 7.2 VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY -- 7.3 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY -- 7.4 NUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY -- 7.5 MASS SPECTROMETRY -- CHAPTER 8. DISSOCIATION, DISMUTATION AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF PHOSGENE -- 8.1 DISSOCIATION OF PHOSGENE -- 8.2 DISMUTATION OF PHOSGENE -- 8.3 PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF PHOSGENE -- CHAPTER 9. REACTIONS WITH INORGANIC COMPOUNDS -- 9.1 MAIN GROUP HALIDES AND OXIDE HALIDES -- 9.2 TRANSITION METAL HALIDES AND OXIDE HALIDES -- 9.3 LANTHANIDE AND ACTINIDE HALIDES AND OXIDE HALIDES -- 9.4 MAIN GROUP OXIDES AND SULFIDES -- 9.5 TRANSITION METAL OXIDES AND SULFIDES -- 9.6 LANTHANIDE AND ACTINIDE OXIDES -- 9.7 MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS -- 9.8 TRANSITION ELEMENTS AND ACTINIDES -- 9.9 ORGANOMETALLICS -- 9.10 HYDRIDE DE.