Bibliothèque de L'IMIST/CNRST

PH.D Université Mohammed V 2017

Oat has been recognized as a healthy food for a long time. However, they are still underutilized in Moroccan gastronomy. The current work aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Moroccan hybrid Oats, and to establish the functional chemical variability among their seeds.

The physicochemical analysis including, minerals, sugars, fatty acids, sterols, and phenolic compounds were investigated. Additionally, starch morphology and Oat viscosity were analyzed. HPLC-MS revealed the presence of eleven phenolic acids, including vannilic, ferulic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, salicylic, syringic, sinapic, p-coumaric, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, and pyrogallol. The potassium was the main mineral in Oat seeds; also, the oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids were the dominant fatty acids. The major sterols were β-sitosterol, Δ-5-avenasterol and campesterol.

Improvement of Oat lines via introgression is an important process for food biochemical functionality. The current work demonstrated the protective effect of aqueous extracts from hybrid Oat line (F11-5) and its parent (Amlal), on hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress and the inhibitory effect on digestive enzyme. The Oat extract (2000 mg/kg) ameliorated the glucose tolerance, decreased FBG and oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH & MDA) in rats liver and kidney. Moreover, Metformin and Oat intake prevented anxiety, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in diabetic rats. In vivo anti-hyperglycemic effect of Oat extracts has been confirmed by their inhibitory activities on α-amylase (723.91 μg/mL & 1027.14 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (1548.12 μg/mL & 1803.52 μg/mL) enzymes by mean of a mixed inhibition.

Finally, the endophytic fungal strain Chaetomium globosum (HG423571) which was isolated from Oat inner and healthy tissues was subject of secondary metabolites isolation, in order to evaluate their bioactivity.